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Desiderius Lenz
Peter Lenz (1832–1928), afterwards Desiderius Lenz, was a German artist who became a Benedictine monk and together with Gabriel Wüger was a founder of the Beuron Art School.〔''The Revival of Medieval Illumination: Nineteenth-Century Belgium Manuscripts and Illuminations from a European Perspective'' by Thomas Coomans and Jan De Maeyer 2007 ISBN 90-5867-591-2 page 144〕 Peter was his birth name, but Desiderius became his name when he entered religious orders in 1872. The name was presumably given in reference to the eleventh-century Abbot Desiderius of the Abbey of Monte Cassino, the source of the Benedictine Order.
==Background==
Peter Lenz was born in 1832 in Haigerloch, Baden-Württemberg. From 1849 he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich as a pupil of the painter and sculptor Max von Widnmann and the muralist Wilhelm von Kaulbach, where he learnt about ancient Greek art, medieval German painting and artists of the Italian Renaissance. In 1851 he joined the Union of Artist Pupils at the Academy, and met Jakob Wüger. Although of differing characters, the two became friends and worked together.〔C. Rius, 'The Work of Peter Lenz' in ''Antoni Gaudí: Casa Bellesguard as the Key to his Symbolism'' (Edicions Universitat Barcelona 2014), p. 45, citing Martha Dreesbach, 'Pater Desiderius Lenz OSB, Theorie und Werke. Zur Wesensbestimmung der Beuroner Kunst' (Phil. Dissertation, Munich 1957), pp. 12-24; Gallus Schwind, ''P. Desiderius Lenz. Biographische Gedenkblätter zu seinem 100. Geburtstag'' (Beuron/Hohenzollern 1932).〕
Peter von Cornelius was a significant figure in Lenz's artistic development, and promoted his career. Cornelius had engaged in the Nazarene Brotherhood or ''Lukasbund'' at Rome between 1811 and 1819, where he worked with Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, a Lutheran convert to Roman Catholicism and founder of the Düsseldorf school of painting. Schadow taught that the spiritual life of the artist must be invested in the truths of Christian art.〔F.W. Schadow, ''Über den Einfluss des Christentums auf die bildende Kunst, Vorlesung gehalten am 30 September 1842 vor der General-Versammlung des Congrės Scientifique zu Strassburg'' (Düsseldorf, 1842).〕 Cornelius was Director of the Munich Academy c.1825-40, and exercised a powerful influence there from which Lenz and Wüger benefited.〔O. Wolff, 'Beuroner Kunst', p. 123; Rius, 'The Work of Peter Lenz', p. 45, note ii.〕
After working in Meiningen in 1855-56, and then back in Munich as an independent sculptor, in 1859 Lenz became Professor of Sculpture at the School of Applied Art in Nuremberg. Not long afterwards, on the recommendation of Cornelius, he received a State-funded stipend to work in Italy. In 1863 he went to Rome with Jakob Wüger and Wüger's pupil Fridolin Steiner to work with artists of the Nazarene movement.〔H. Siebenmorgen, "Lenz, Peter" in ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'' 14 (1985), p. 234 ff.〕
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